Which ethical theory is an example of consequentialism?

• A. Deontological ethics
• B. Virtue ethics
• C. Utilitarianism
• D. Moral relativism

Answer: (C)

Consequentialism is an ethical theory that judges the rightness or wrongness of actions based solely on their outcomes or consequences. Utilitarianism is a prominent example of consequentialism, as it specifically evaluates actions based on the principle of maximizing overall happiness or utility. This theory proposes that the moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall well-being, seeking to produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

In contrast, deontological ethics focuses on rules, duties, and obligations, asserting that the morality of an action is determined by whether it adheres to established rules or principles, regardless of the consequences. Virtue ethics emphasizes the character and virtues of the individual acting, rather than the consequences of specific actions or adherence to rules. Moral relativism posits that moral judgments are not absolute but are shaped by cultural or individual perspectives, therefore not aligning with the consequentialist framework that seeks a specific standard to evaluate actions based on results.